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Diabetes 8 kinds of symptoms, prevention and control diet tips (2)

 

Four types of diabetes

The types of diabetes include type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus


Type 1 diabetes

The autoimmune system of type 1 diabetes mellitus is abnormal, and the antibody becomes regardless of the enemy or the enemy, and begins to attack the pancreatic beta cells which produce insulin, resulting in the pancreas unable to secrete or only secrete a small amount of insulin.

The onset age of type 1 diabetes mellitus is usually under 30 years old, which may be the result of genetic and environmental factors. The number of patients is relatively small (less than 5% of the total patient population). Patients will have obvious symptoms such as weight loss, weight loss, polyuria, and often feel thirsty. Therefore, it is necessary to take insulin for a long time to control the disease.


Type 2 diabetes

More than 90% of the patients with diabetes belong to type II diabetes. Patients often have no symptoms at the initial stage of the disease. They are usually frightened by diabetes when they have long-term illness leading to physical changes or diabetic complications.

This type of diabetes is hereditary, usually older than 40 years old, and often has the external characteristics of obesity.

Patients with type 2 diabetes often have adverse living habits (such as drinking, smoking, not loving exercise, eating heavy taste, etc.), resulting in the body's resistance to insulin or the decline of insulin secretion. In order to control the disease, in addition to taking insulin or taking drugs, it is necessary to change the living habits.


Gestational diabetes mellitus

About 5% of women develop temporary symptoms of diabetes when they are pregnant. The reason is that changes in hormones in the body make cells produce resistance to insulin, but the disease usually disappears after childbirth.

It should be noted that if the mother is pregnant with gestational diabetes mellitus but not properly treated, it will indirectly make the fetus appear hyperglycemia, and increase the probability of fetal congenital malformation, stillbirth and macrosomia.

15% to 50% of women with gestational diabetes mellitus will develop type 2 diabetes in the future. If they have had gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy, blood glucose should be measured regularly after delivery.


Other

There are also a few cases of diabetes caused by pancreatic diseases, endocrine diseases, drugs and other factors.


Diagnosis of diabetes

If one of the following indicators exceeds the standard, the doctor will judge that he has diabetes:

    1. Glycosylated hemoglobin concentration greater than or equal to 6.5%

    2. Fasting plasma glucose (no calorie intake for at least 8 hours) is greater than or equal to 126 mg / dl

    3. In the oral glucose tolerance test, the plasma glucose was more than or equal to 200 mg / dL in the second hour

    4. Have hyperglycemia symptoms (more than three symptoms) and random blood glucose is greater than or equal to 200 mg / dl


Prediabetes

Prediabetes refers to the continuous blood glucose between normal and diabetes. Prediabetes usually have no obvious symptoms, but if not actively controlled, it is easy to develop into diabetes.


How to detect type 1 and type 2 diabetes

If you have type 1 diabetes with abnormal immune system, the antibodies against ICA, anti-GAD65 and ICA 512 will also be positive, which is a feature of type 2 diabetes that is not available.


How to detect gestational diabetes mellitus

As for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) related to pregnant women, in order to determine whether they are suffering from the disease, doctors will check the blood glucose level of women at the first prenatal examination after pregnancy and at the 24th to 28th week. The detection methods are fasting blood glucose value and oral glucose tolerance test. If there is any problem, it means gestational diabetes mellitus.


Treatment of diabetes

Depending on the situation, doctors will have different treatment methods. For patients with type 1 diabetes, the current treatment is long-term insulin therapy to control the disease.

As for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, besides oral administration of insulin, it can also improve the symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus.


Is insulin sparing safe?

As long as the doctor and pharmacist's instructions are followed, it is very safe. Moreover, the current pen type insulin needle is very convenient to use, and the pain is very low.

Many patients with type 2 diabetes in Taiwan tend not to take insulin therapy because they think that insulin therapy represents poor disease control, or that insulin therapy is the most serious treatment, and there will be no drug available. However, both concepts are wrong. Insulin therapy is a more effective and less burden on the body, and insulin therapy is not the last line The treatment process can be used for any course of disease. The doctor will formulate the treatment plan according to the most favorable way for the patient. The purpose is to effectively control blood sugar and avoid complications.


Insulin analog

Insulin analogue is a kind of insulin that changes the biological and physicochemical characteristics of insulin by modifying the structure of insulin. It is more suitable for human needs than traditional insulin.

It's also known as intraprandial insulin or quick acting insulin. Because of its short onset time, it can be injected 15 minutes before or after a meal. Because the duration of hypoglycemia is also short, it can reduce the risk of hypoglycemia.


Taking diabetes drugs

The timing of taking drugs for diabetes is different. Some drugs should be taken during or after meals, or before meals, or on an empty stomach. To control blood sugar, follow the instructions of doctors and pharmacists.

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